Some further research may have yielded an answer on the bomb test and timeline placement:
Remember that though there were twenty-nine tests during Operation Plumbbob, there are ways to narrow down the results to something more manageable. The test was a tower shot, and it was during the daytime.
Most of the tower shots concted for Plumbbob were carried out just before, just after, or at 1200 hrs. GMT, i.e., and all the photographs from these tests give the impression that they were detonated at night (though the nature of camera lenses then may have meant that the flash of the blast could simply make everything around it seem night-time dark by comparison). Ony one shot that I could determine was done at any other time: Fizeau was conducted at 1659 hours GMT (someone else will have to determine what that was in Nevada time) on
14 September 1957. The photographs of the detonation of Fizeau clearly indicate a daytime shot.
The timing for this works in many ways: Those who have the
Lost Journal of Indiana Jones will note that the page where Indy makes a note that he has found the Ark again - which happened the day before the atomic bomb test - is the page immediately preceeding one where he has taped a letter from Short Round - a letter dated
15 September 1957, the day after the Fizeau test. This indicates that soon after he returned from Nevada, he received the letter from Shorty, which would have arrived several days after he mailed it, depending on the time for the postal service to get it to Indy and on where it was sent from.
The next sequence, the one at Marshall College, takes place three weeks after the Nevada sequences, according to the novelization, so this means early
October 1957. Factoring in the travel times and the duration of the events of the rest of the film, it can easily work out that the
Lost Journal - presumably recovered by a member of Spalko's unit that survived the film, would have made it back to Moscow and been entered into the KGB files on
10 November 1957, just as the
Journal says on the label.
So whaddya think? Comments, counter-arguments? Anyone?